PU Note

                                                                            UNIT 2     LEARNING   1. What is principle of intensity in learning? Principle of intensity in learning states that an individual will learn more from a real thing (primary) than from a substitute (secondary thing). As per this, a routine or boring experience teaches less than a clear and dramatic learning experience.   2. Define learning. Learning can be defined as relatively permanent change in behavior or behavior potential resulting from direct or indirect experience. In other words, learning is any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience. 3. Enlist the major steps in learning process. For learning process to be completed, the following steps are essential: • A Stimulus • Response • Motivation or drive • Reward or incentive 4. What are the important theories of learning? Theories of learning help to explain how the process of le

  Define organization and behaviour. An organization is a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals. Behaviour refers to anything that a person does and can be observed in some way.     Define organizational behaviour. Organizational behaviour is directly concerned with the understanding, prediction, and control of human behaviour in an organization. In other words, organizational behaviour is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structures have on behaviour within an organization with the purpose of applying such knowledge for improvement of organizations effectiveness.   Some of the major importance of OB are listed as follows: • It helps to understand organization and employee in a better way. • It motivates employees. • It helps to improve labor relations.   What are the outputs of Organizational

                                                  Unit – 1 Introduction 1.1 A project is defined as ‘a non-routine, non-repetitive one-off undertaking normally with—discrete time, financial and technical performance goals.’ The definition is descriptive and, because of the endless variety of projects, most of the definitions are of this nature. A project can be considered to be any series of activities and tasks that: (a) Have a specific objective to be completed within certain specifications; (b) Have defined start and end dates; c) Have funding limits (if applicable) and  (d) Consume resources (i.e. money, time, equipment). The project has been defined by Project Management Institute (USA) as ‘Any undertak­ing with a defined objective by which completion is identified. In practice, most projects depend on finite or limited resources by which objectives are to be accomplished.’—Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK).   1.2.   Characteristics of a Project: